Alkenes: Websters Facts and Phrases

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A Process for the Epoxidation of Alkenes: Patented by Ronny Neumann and Mazal Dahan on May 27, 1998. Abstract: The invention provides a process for the catalytic epoxidation of alkene comprising contacting a transition metal substituted polyoxometalate and molecular oxygen with alkene.
Acid accelerated hydrocarboxylation: Patented by Patrick M. Burke on December 1, 1986. Abstract: A process for the production of carboxylic acids by the hydrocarboxylation of olefinically unsaturated alkenes or esters using a rhodium catalyst, an iodide promoter, a solvent selected from the class consisting of methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, and C.sub.6 to C.sub.9 aromatic solvents, and an accelerator which is an acid having a pKa in the range of 4.2 to 5.2.
Acid–catalysed Reactions: Patented by Martyn Poliakoff, William K. Gray, Thomas M. Swan, Stephen K. Ross, Stefan Wieland and Stefan Roeder on February 24, 2000. Abstract: The present invention relates to acid–catalysed reactions of alcohols to produce ethers, acetals, ketals or alkenes. The reactions are carried out in the presence of a heterogenous catalyst under near–GB0000672or supercritical conditions of temperature and pressure. The reactions of the present invention have the benefit that improved yields and/or selectivities may be obtained. In some cases, products which are not readily available by conventional acid–catalysed reactions of alcohols may be obtained.
AL.SUB.2 O.SUB.3 ALKENE ISOMERIZATION PROCESS AND CATALYST: Patented by Hsu-Hui Hsing on December 1, 1990. Abstract: Gamma alumina having a sodium content of less than 0.01 weight percent sodium calculated as Na.sub.2 O and said alumina modified with silicon were found to be superior catalysts for the isomerization of alkenes having at least four carbon atoms, preferably with 0.01 to 1 mole of water per mole of alkene present during the isomerization. Both skeletal isomerization (e.g. n-butene to isobutene) and position isomerization (e.g. butene-2 to butene-1) are obtained.
Alkene oligomerization: Patented by Georges Marie Mathys, Luc Roger Martens, Marleen Augusta Baes, Johannes Petrus Verduijn and Diane Renata Huybrechts on August 9, 1994. Abstract: In a process for the oligomerization of C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -alkenes, an alkene-containing feedstock having a water content of from 0.05 to 0.25 molar %, based on the hydrocarbon content of the feedstock, is passed over a zeolite catalyst. Improved alkene conversion and catalyst life are obtained compared to processes in which non-hydrated feedstocks are used.
Alkylation process: Patented by Lyle R. Kallenbach on May 2, 1995. Abstract: The alkylation of C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkanes (preferably isobutane) with C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkenes (preferably butene-2), in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid on a solid inorganic material as catalyst, is carried out with dicyclopentadiene and/or tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene as additional alkylating agent(s).
Alkyne hydrogenation catalyst and process: Patented by Scott H. Brown, Stan A. Zisman and James B. Kimble on April 9, 1995. Abstract: A catalyst composition comprises palladium, at least one chemically bound alkali metal (preferably potassium), chemically bound fluorine and an inorganic support material (preferably alumina), wherein the atomic ratio of fluorine to alkali metals about 1.3:1 to about 4:1. Preferably, silver is also present in the catalyst composition. The above-described catalyst is employed as a catalyst in the selective hydrogenation of C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkynes (preferably acetylene) to the corresponding alkenes in the presence of sulfur impurities.
Alkyne hydrogenation process: Patented by Marvin M. Johnson and Tin-Tack P. Cheung on November 1, 1995. Abstract: C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkynes (preferably acetylene) contained in feeds which also contain sulfur impurities are hydrogenated to the corresponding alkenes in the presence of a supported palladium catalyst which has been promoted with alkali metal fluoride (preferably potassium fluoride). A specific cataylst consists essentially of a palladium component, at least one alkali metal fluoride (preferably KF) and an inorganic support material (preferably alumina).
Aryl– and Heteroarylcyclohexenyl Substituted Alkenes Having Retinoid Agonist, Antagonist or Inverse Agonist Type Biological Activity: Patented by Richard L. Beard, Alan T. Johnson, Min Teng, Vidyasagar Vuligonda and Roshantha A. Chandraratna on March 5, 1998. Abstract: Compounds of formula (1) wherein the symbols have the meaning defined in the specification, have retinoid–like, retinoid antagonist or retinoid inverse agonist–like biological activity.
Catalyst: Patented by Leonard Edward Bogan Jr on April 8, 2002. Abstract: A mixed metal oxide, which may be an orthorhombic phase material, is improved as a catalyst for the production of unsaturated carboxylic acids, or unsaturated nitrites, from alkanes, or mixtures of alkanes and alkenes, by contact with a liquid contacting member selected from the group consisting of organic acids, alcohols, inorganic acids and hydrogen peroxide.
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